The A5/1 algorithm is one of the most famous stream cipher algorithms used for over-the-air communication privacy in GSM. The purpose of this paper is to analyze several weaknesses of A5/1, including an improvement to an attack and investigation of the A5/1 state transition. Biham and Dunkelman proposed an attack on A5/1 with a time and data complexity of 239.91and 221.1, respectively.In this paper, we propose a method for identification and elimination of useless states from the pre-computed tables and a new approach to access the table in the online phase of the attack which reduces the time complexity to 237.89 and the required memory in half. Furthermore, we discuss another weakness of A5/1 by investigating its internal state transition and its keystream sequence period. Consequently, the internal states are divided into two classes, initially PERIODIC and ULTIMATELY PERIODIC. The presented model is verified using a variety of simulations which are consistent with the theoretical results.

For some technical analysts, finding cycles is synonymous with market analysis. There is something comforting in the idea that markets, like many natural phenomena, have a regular ebb and flow. These technicians believe that there are regular market cycles, hidden by noise or irregular perturbations that drive the market’s underlying clockwork mechanism. Such “cycles” have proven fickle to unwary investors. Sometimes they work, sometimes they do not. There are Statistical tests to find PERIODIC and non PERIODIC cycle, such as spectral analysis, wavelet analysis… that some of them find only correlated noise. But these methods could not prove their ability to find cycles. The search for cycles in the market and in the economy has proven frustrating for all concerned. Strong method to analysis cycles is modified rescale range analysis that based on fractal analysis. The result of this research not only show that modified rescale rang analysis has enough ability to find PERIODIC and non PERIODIC cycles but also increasing data move us from local randomness to global determinism.

The term PERIODIC fever and diseases classified under PERIODIC fever have particular situation in pediatrics. PERIODICity and fever are the hallmark of these syndromes, though there could be other symptoms and signs in each syndrome. On the other hand, most of these syndromes have familial pattern. Since some of these syndromes are common in north-west Iran, the understanding and recognition of these diseases seems to be necessary. Nowadays at least seven PERIODIC fever syndromes have been explained in pediatrics: The first one is FMF and the last and new one is PFAPA. The rest of them are: Hyper IgD, FCAS, Muckel- Wells, CINCA, and TRAPS.

Introduction: Many internal medicine conditions may be presented to pain centers and an interdisciplinary and holistic approach is necessary for optimal management.Case Description: A 46 year old man presented to the interdisciplinary pain clinic at Shefa Neuroscience Research Center complaining of PERIODIC weakness, pain and tenderness in proximal lower extremities, anxiety, irritability and weight loss since 3 months ago. On examination and laboratory results, hyperthyroidism and severe hypokalemia were evident. On echocardiography, ejection fraction was 25%. He was admitted in coronary care unit for cardiac monitoring and received propranolol and methimazole.Results: After stabilizing the heart rate and correction of potassium level, paralysis was completely subsided and ejection fraction increased to 55%. He was discharged from the hospital in good situation.Conclusion: Hyperthyroid hypokalemic PERIODIC paralysis is a rare but well-known condition with episodes of muscular weakness or paralysis. It can be diagnosed by good history taking, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Appropriate therapy is necessary for treatment and prevention of paralytic episodes. Although the prognosis is usually good, in case of misdiagnosis and maltreatment this condition may be fatal.

Ultra-short pulse is a promising technology for achieving ultrahigh data rate transmission which is required to follow the increased demand of data transport over an optical communication system. Therefore, the propagation of such type of pulses and the effects that it may suffer during its transmission through an optical waveguide has received a great deal of attention in the recent years. We provide an overview of recent theoretical developments in a numerical modeling of Maxwell's equations to analyze the propagation of short laser pulses in photonic structures. The process of short light pulse propagation through 2D PERIODIC and quasi-PERIODIC photonic structures is simulated based on Finite-Difference Time-Domain calculations of Maxwell’s equations.

According to Mulla Sadra, the right path that prophets have walked through is the true monotheism, which is based on the two principles of ‘unity in plurality’ and ‘plurality in unity’. For monotheists at that level of monotheism, people are not the veil of God and God is not the veil of people. In his works, Mulla Sadra tries to explain this right path with the maxim: ‘The ULTIMATELY simple is all things and is not any one of them’; the theme whose origins can be traced back to Plotinus and Ibn Arabi and his followers who have discussed it by interpretations such as ‘the plurality in unity’. In Ibn Arabi’s mysticism, God is the absolute being and the absolute being does not leave any space for the other, even in a dependent or related form of existence. This issue that is known as‘personal unity of being’ has had the opportunity to be explained by Mulla Sadra. By expressing the well known saying that understanding the personal unity of being necessitates a level of understanding which exceeds the level of intellect, Mulla Sadra claims that he has been subjected to divine grace and that he has understood the personal unity of being at the level of intellect and has brought forward arguments for his claim in his works. The present article aims at stating the base of the ULTIMATELY simple and explaining it through two statements of ‘analogical unity’ and ‘personal unity of existence’.An effort is made to adjust this maxim to the Sufis’ sayings and to find the similarities and differences.